(Janine Acero) The volume and depth of injected wastewater deep into the ground by fracking methods may be the key drivers in the induced earthquakes in Oklahoma, according to a major study published in the journal Science. The study, led by researchers from the University of Bristol, aimed to provide targeted evidence that proves a substantial decrease in induced seismicity in the Oklahoma region, with possible applications in other parts of the world.
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by Janine Acero, February 19th, 2019
An average of 2.3 billion barrels of fluids per year have been injected into the ground by Oklahoma’s well operators since 2011. For the new study, the researchers analyzed more than 10,000 wastewater injection wells where 96 billion gallons of fluid are pumped yearly due to hydraulic fracturing.
Disposal of wastewater is typically at depths of one to two kilometers below the ground surface. In addition, saltwater is injected deep underground for recovery of oil and gas.
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There has been an approximately 800-fold increase in the annual number of earthquakes in Oklahoma since 2011, which is associated with the connection between the frequency of earthquakes (seismicity) and the depth of fluid injection into underground rock formations. The records included a damaging magnitude 5.8 Pawnee earthquake in 2016, the strongest in state history. (Related: Pennsylvania: New report reveals that fracking has caused a large increase in earthquakes.)
The researchers examined the connections between injection volume, depth, location, and geological features over a six-year period, using an innovative software called the Uninet, which incorporated injection well records and earthquake data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
“The underlying causes of Oklahoma’s induced earthquakes are an open and complex issue, not least because there are over 10,000 injection wells, with many different operators and operating characteristics, all in an area of complex geology,” said co-author Dr. Tom Gernon.
“Thanks to an innovative model capable of analyzing large and complex data sets, our study establishes for the first time a clear link between seismicity and fluid injection depth,” he added.
The research team found that seismic activity may be influenced by the depth and volume of injected fluids at depths where layered sedimentary rocks meet crystalline basement rocks. According to analysis, deeper wells allow easier access for fluids to seep into fractured basement rocks, which are much more prone to earthquakes.
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The team concluded that raising the injection depths to above the basement rocks could significantly reduce the energy released by earthquakes, which in turn may reduce the instances of larger, more devastating quakes.
“This marks a step forward in understanding the evolution of seismicity in the Oklahoma region,” according to lead researcher Dr. Thea Hincks.
Professor Willy Aspinall, of the University of Bristol and Aspinall & Associates, who conceived the study, added: “This new diagnostic finding has potential implications for scientists, regulators and civil authorities concerned about induced seismicity, both in the U.S. and internationally.”
The researchers further stated that the findings warrant a broader understanding of how factors such as operational, spatial and geologic parameters influence seismic activity. The team noted that their analysis may grant opportunities to evaluate regulatory actions on a rational, quantitative basis in terms of seismic effects.
Stillness in the Storm Editor: Why did we post this?
Part of the Deep State’s total control agenda is to destroy the environment so that all people become dependent on the system for their survival. Fracking is one of these insidious agendas that not only destroys the environment but disturbs the energy system of the planet, causing earthquakes and other disasters. The preceding information reveals part of this total control agenda via fracking. This information is important because it helps activate the altruism urge related to universal spiritual values—the desire to do good for all and leave a benevolent legacy as an inheritance for future generations. While considering environmental destruction can be discouraging, activation of the urge to protect life often results in spiritual advancement and the development of the moral nature—a prerequisite to true and effective world healing. Those who bravely face such problems would do well to not allow their zeal for righteousness overstep their compassion for those who do not share the same convictions. Lasting solutions, regardless of the problem at hand, are founded on trust, honor, and fellowship, the brotherhood and sisterhood of enlightened souls who work together to do good while defending themselves against the assaults of their spiritually immature universal kin.
– Justin
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Source:
https://www.naturalnews.com/2019-02-19-fracking-is-responsible-for-the-earthquakes-in-oklahoma.html
I call Paid For Brit. Bull Chit study. The source is tectonic plate movement, due to deviation in decade plus trend of increase in rotation on axis, as polar logistics change.
Squeeze that waterballoon, it pops out elsewhere. I won’t go into the sourace of the magnetics, but fracking never gets close to the depth at which the Oklahoma events are occuring.
This is FALSE SCIENCE, MORE GLOBAL WARMING BULL SHIT.
CEO, Denver based co., Moab, Ut. assets.
Interesting. Can you provide a more substantive rebuttal of the “false science.” There are a lot of correlations between Fracking and earthquakes that warrant and investigation. If you’re saying there is existing evidence to refute that inference I’d love to see it.