A Guide to State Coronavirus Lockdowns

(Jacob Gershman) About half of U.S. states have imposed lockdown measures restricting gathering and social contact, disrupting the lives of more than 100 million people and suspending the operations of thousands of businesses.

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Source – WSJ

by Jacob Gershman, March 24th, 2020

No state has completely walled off their residents from the outside. Generally, people are free to leave their homes to obtain food, supplies and medical care or to get exercise or care for loved ones. The rapidly drafted executive orders also exempt millions of jobs and services deemed too essential to shut down.Some measures were more drastic than others. California Gov. Gavin Newsom effectively made it a crime to socialize outside the home, while New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham’s measures are more advisory than mandatory.New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo’s lockdown came closest to quarantining the elderly and sick populations. And some leaders like New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy wrote in broad protections for political and religious activity.

States have vowed to ensure compliance with the lockdowns, but it is unclear whether any of them can or will effectively enforce their mandates.Here is a snapshot of the various lockdown orders and their key requirements.

California:

Gov. Newsom has ordered everyone in California to stay home except to get food, care for a relative or friend, obtain health care or go to an “essential job.” People working in critical infrastructure sectors may continue to go to their jobs.• People outside must keep at least 6 feet of distance from each other.• Dine-in restaurants, bars and nightclubs, entertainment venues, gyms and fitness studios are closed.• Gas stations, pharmacies, grocery stores, convenience stores, banks and laundry services remain open.

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Connecticut:

• Gov. Ned Lamont ordered nonessential businesses to eliminate their in-person workforces through April 22, exempting a broad range of retail, manufacturing, legal and financial services sectors.• The state recommends that everyone keep at least 6 feet away from each other and cancel nonessential public community gatherings of individuals of any size for any reason.• Bars and restaurants are limited to food and nonalcoholic beverage takeout and delivery.• The state has closed gyms, fitness centers, large shopping malls, movie theaters and places of public amusement like water parks, aquariums, zoos and arcades. Parks remain open.

Delaware:

• Gov. John Carney issued a “shelter inplace” order effective Tuesday, March 24, at 8 a.m.• People still may leave their homes to obtain health care or necessary supplies, to engage in outdoor activities like walking, running, biking or fishing, to care for elderly persons, to travel back to a Delaware residence from out of state and for other limited reasons.• The order doesn’t apply to doctors, nurses, taxi drivers, lawyers, journalists, accountants, scientists, grocery clerks and people working in manufacturing and pipeline transportation among other industries.• The physical locations of businesses considered nonessential, such as clothing stores and tour-guide companies, must be shut down as of Tuesday. The order doesn’t apply to a long list of essential businesses.• People must keep at least 6 feet from each other while outside.• Domestic-violence victims are encouraged to seek alternative shelter.• Beaches are closed except for exercise or dog-walking.• Food services are restricted to takeout or delivery.• Casinos, bowling alleys, concert venues, movie theaters, sports facilities, fitness centers and health spas are closed.

Florida:

Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis has ordered the closure of all restaurant dining rooms and bars in the state, as well as concert houses and other entertainment venues in Broward and Palm Beach counties.• The city of Miami Beach directed all hotels closed by Monday night, March 23.• Miami-Dade County has shut beaches, parks, bars and restaurants.

Hawaii:

Gov. David Ige ordered Hawaii residents to stay at home “except as necessary to maintain continuity of operations of the federal critical-infrastructure sectors.” The order is effective Wednesday, March 25, through April 30. Violators can face fines up to $5,000 and jail time.• People can still walk a pet, travel for food or for health and safety reasons, go to the airport and leave home to care for others.• People working for essential businesses may travel to and from their jobs.• The governor earlier required residents and visitors, arriving or returning to Hawaii, to self-quarantine for two weeks, beginning on Thursday.

Illinois:

• Gov. J.B. Pritzker commanded residents to stay at home, leaving only for essential travel and activities such as health and safety reasons, getting supplies and caring for others.• The Illinois directive says, “nonessential business and operations must cease,” a requirement with many exceptions. Nonessential businesses still may allow employees to work remotely and process payroll and employee benefits, among other limited activities.• Gatherings of more than 10 people are prohibited with limited exceptions.• All places of public amusement are closed to the public, such as carnivals, amusement parks and concert halls.

Indiana:

• Gov. Eric Holcomb ordered Indiana residents to stay at home unless working at an “essential business” or are doing an “essential activity.” Indiana’s order took effect Tuesday.• Essential businesses and services include grocery stores, pharmacies, gas stations, police and fire stations, health-care facilities, garbage pickup and public transit.• Indiana residents can leave their homes for health and safety reasons, to get necessary supplies and services, for exercise or to go to an essential job. People exercising outside must keep least 6 feet away from other people.• Restaurants and bars are closed to in-person customers.• As of Tuesday, all state government offices, including Bureau of Motor Vehicle branches, are closed to in-person public activity until at least April 7.

Louisiana:

• Gov. John Bel Edwards ordered residents to stay home unless obtaining food and supplies, exercising, visiting a family member, going to a place of worship or commuting to an essential job. The order took effect on Monday and expires April 13 unless terminated sooner.• The governor closed places of amusement like museums, concert halls and playgrounds and personal-care shops like hair salons, among other businesses deemed nonessential. Restaurants can offer only takeout, delivery or drive-through.• Closed businesses can still manage payroll and perform maintenance.• There is a 10-person limitation on gathering size.

Maryland:

• Gov. Larry Hogan mandated that nonessential businesses be closed to the general public by 5 p.m. Monday, March 23. The order excludes businesses in critical infrastructure sectors.• Senior centers, fitness centers, recreational establishments, food courts, barber shops and beauty salons are closed to the general public.• Social, community, spiritual, religious, recreational, leisure and sporting gatherings and events of more than 10 people are prohibited.• Restaurants and bars are limited to carryout and delivery.

Massachusetts:

• Gov. Charlie Baker directed businesses and organizations that don’t provide “Covid-19 Essential Services” to close their physical workplaces and facilities to workers, customers and the public by noon on Tuesday, March 24. The order extends at least through April 7.• A lengthy list of essential services are exempted.• Gatherings of more than 10 people are prohibited, including fundraisers, concerts, sporting events, weddings and funerals.• Places of worship aren’t required to close their bricks-and-mortar premises to workers or the public.• Restaurants and bars are limited to takeout and delivery.

Michigan:

• Through April 14, Michigan residents can leave their homes under very limited circumstances under Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s directive. Those include exercise, essential errands, caring for family members, and volunteering at food pantries and shelters, among other reasons.• Individuals must secure services or supplies via delivery “to the maximum extent possible.”• With exceptions, businesses may not require workers to leave their homes. The work-from-home order doesn’t apply to “critical infrastructure workers” who are needed to sustain or protect life, like grocery-store clerks or law-enforcement officers, among others.• Companies can also require workers to leave their homes to conduct “minimum basic operations” like maintaining the value of inventory and equipment.• People outside must remain at least 6 feet from others.

Nevada:

• Days after closing Las Vegas casinos, Gov. Steve Sisolak ordered a shutdown of “nonessential businesses,” including movie theaters, massage parlors, brothels, nightclubs, hair and nail salons and gyms.• Retail cannabis dispensaries may operate by delivery.• No on-site dining at restaurants.

New Jersey:

• Gov. Phil Murphy ordered all New Jersey residents to stay home but with a host of exceptions, including for getting takeout food, seeking medical or emergency services and exercising or engaging in outdoor activities with family. Gatherings such as parties, celebrations or other social events are canceled.• The governor ordered all “nonessential retail businesses” closed to the public, excluding grocers, pharmacies, gas stations, convenience stores and banks, among others.• All businesses and not-for-profit organizations in New Jersey must accommodate their workforce for telework or work-from-home arrangements “wherever practicable.”• Among those allowed to be physically present at work are law-enforcement officers, first responders, cashiers, store clerks, construction workers and utility workers, among others.• The state continued bans on recreational and entertainment businesses. Restaurants must operate by delivery and takeout only.• Gov. Murphy signed another executive order invalidating any county or municipal restriction that might conflict with his stay-at-home directive.

New Mexico:

• Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham required the state’s “nonessential workforce” to work from home, effective 8 a.m. Tuesday and through at least April 10. The order exempts a broad range of businesses deemed essential.

• The governor banned gatherings of five or more individuals in a confined space away from home, excluding religious services.• The governor advised but didn’t order New Mexico citizens to stay at home except when absolutely necessary for their health, safety or welfare.• Casinos and horse-racing facilities are closed, excluding ones on tribal lands.• Hotels and other places of lodging may not operate at more than 50% of maximum occupancy.• Restaurants and bars are limited to delivery and carry out.

New York:

• Effective 8 p.m. on Sunday, March 22, all businesses not deemed essential had to shut down their in-office personnel functions. Gov. Cuomo’s order exempts financial institutions, retailers, pharmacies, hospitals, news media, manufacturing plants and transportation companies, among others.• Nonessential gatherings of any size and for any reason are temporarily banned.• In public, people must keep at least 6 feet away from each other.• Residents 70 and older and people with compromised immune systems or underlying illnesses must remain indoors (unless exercising outside), wear a mask in the company of others and prescreen visitors by taking their temperature.• Casinos, gyms, theaters, shopping malls, amusement parks and bowling alleys are closed.• Barbershops, hair salons, tattoo or piercing salons, nail salons, hair-removal services closed Saturday, March 21, at 8 p.m.• Bars and restaurants are limited to delivery and takeout.

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Ohio:

• Gov. Michael DeWine and state officials announced a stay-at-home order beginning Tuesday, March 24, and remaining in effect at least until April 7.• People may leave their homes for health and safety reasons, to obtain supplies and services, for outdoor activity, to take care of others or to perform essential jobs, like a grocery store clerk, food manufacturer, bank employee, journalist, attorney or first responder.• People must stay at least 6 feet away from each other when outside.• The state has banned gatherings outside a single household or living unit, as well as any gatherings of more than 10 people.• Places of public amusement are closed. Restaurants for takeout and delivery are permitted, but no dine-in.

Oregon:

• Gov. Kate Brown’s order bans nonessential social gatherings. Effective immediately, parties, celebrations and outdoor recreational activities are prohibited if a distance of at least 6 feet between individuals can’t be maintained.• The governor also prohibited the operation of a host of cultural and entertainment centers, from nightclubs to art galleries. Jewelry shops, furniture stores and fitness centers are among the nonessential businesses that must close for now.• It is a misdemeanor crime to patronize any business prohibited from operating.• It is prohibited to consume food or drink on the premises of a restaurant or bar.• Stores staying open still must enforce social-distancing policies consistent with state health-authority guidance. Work in offices is prohibited when at-home options are available.• People outside should stay at least 6 feet away from others—excluding household members—to the greatest extent possible.• Childcare facilities can remain open but only with groups of children smaller than 10.

Pennsylvania:

Gov. Tom Wolf ordered “non-life-sustaining businesses” in Pennsylvania to close their physical locations as of Thursday evening, March 19. The restriction exempts sectors, like gas stations, food retailers and transportation companies. It also doesn’t apply to “virtual or telework operations.” Businesses that don’t comply could face enforcement actions starting Saturday, March 21.• Residents are strongly encouraged to refrain from nonessential travel, but it isn’t a requirement.• Restaurants and bars must stop all dine-in services.

Rhode Island:

• Gov. Gina Raimondotweeted that “all recreational and entertainment facilities as well as any close-contact business—gyms, fitness centers, hair salons, nail salons—must close” by 5 p.m. Monday, March 23.• She said that, effective Tuesday, anyone returning to Rhode Island by plane must immediately self-quarantine for 14 days, with the exception of law enforcement and health-care professionals.• Restaurants may not serve dine-in customers.

Texas:

Texas. Gov. Greg Abbott’s directive instructs all Texans to avoid social gatherings in groups of more than 10 people starting Saturday morning, March 21.• Texas residents “shall avoid eating or drinking at bars, restaurants, and food courts, or visiting gyms or massage parlors.”• People may not visit nursing homes or long-term care facilities unless to provide critical assistance.

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Washington, D.C.:

• Mayor Muriel Bowser ordered nonessential businesses to close starting Wednesday at 10 p.m.• Businesses considered nonessential include gyms, hair salons, retail clothing stores, tour guides and tour services. Among the businesses that can remain open are grocery and liquor stores, pharmacies and banks.• The District of Columbia government already has implemented several restrictions, including closing public schools, limiting restaurants and bars to only take-out and delivery, and blocking streets to discourage the public from visiting the cherry blossoms at the Tidal Basin.

Washington state:

Gov. Jay Inslee prohibited residents from exiting their homes except for essential purposes, including but not limited to getting groceries and commuting to a job in essential services. The order doesn’t apply to homeless people or domestic-violence victims and expires midnight April 6 unless extended.• The governor banned “all public and private gatherings and multi-person activities for social, spiritual and recreational purposes” regardless of their size, including weddings and funerals.• Effective midnight on Wednesday, all nonessential businesses in Washington state must cease operations, except for limited activities to protect inventory, secure property and process payroll and employee benefits. See a list of essential businesses.• Entertainment venues are closed to the public and restaurants are limited to takeout and delivery.

West Virginia:

• Gov. Jim Justice has issued a stay-at-home order taking effect 8 p.m. on Tuesday, March 24. The order requires West Virginians to stay home unless leaving for essential services or to work at a job providing essential services.• Residents, for example, can leave their homes to shop at a grocery store, to pick up a prescription, to receive medical care or to get exercise at a park.• Workers still should commute to jobs at hospitals, banks, pharmacies, grocery stores, takeout restaurants, gas stations and other businesses and services designated as essential.• Dine-in restaurants, bars, nightclubs, casinos, performance halls, barber shops, hair and nail salons and fitness centers are all closed.

Wisconsin:

• Gov. Tony Evers said on Twitter that he would soon issue a “#SaferAtHome” order but said details would be released in an order on Tuesday, March 24. The Associated Press reported the order would include the closure of nonessential businesses.•Wisconsin also has prohibited all gatherings of more than 10 people and called on all residents to stay 6 feet apart when outside.•The state has ordered nail salons, barber shops, spas and similar establishments closed.•Bars and restaurants are allowed to stay open and provide takeout food and drink.

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Source:

https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-state-by-state-guide-to-coronavirus-lockdowns-11584749351